D&H Guide

DEFINE DESIGN

DEFINE EVALUATION

DESIGN IDEATION

DESIGN EVALUATION

RESOURCES

ABOUT

Organizational Environment

The management of the health service system, as affected by the rules, values, and practices of the involved people or community. It refers to cost, health care providers, and health information systems.

For example, some patients appreciated to use DHIs since it is reducing the stress and burden of travel, cutting waiting time, and accessing quality care faster, then saving time and money.

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Social Environment

Physical Environment

What are positive, negative, and double-edged factors?

These categories were classified into positive, negative, and double-edged factors based on their positive, negative, and diverse impacts on digital PEx. 

  • Positive Factors describe the advantageous or beneficial attributes

  • Negative Factors describe the disadvantages or detrimental attributes.

  • Double-Edged Factors describe attributes that have both beneficial and harmful sides.

Cost and Time 

POSITIVE

  • Less travel costs and waiting time

  • Complete tasks at patients’ own pace

  • Less time consuming

  • Faster response

  • Real-time feedback or timely support 

___________



Design Procedures

POSITIVE

  • User-centered design or human-centered design

  • Inter-organizational collaboration

  • Co-design or participatory development methodology

  • Inclusive design

  • Involvement of multi-stakeholder and multidisciplinary teams in the early design stages

NEGATIVE

  • High start-up costs, ongoing costs, and costs related to loss of revenue

  • The cost of damage to equipment

  • Unrealistic financial reimbursement and higher costs relevant to internet or equipment

  • Time consuming for daily monitoring or recharging devices

  • Energy to complete “one more task”

  • Disruption to the daily routine

  • Lack of timely feedback

  • Long waiting times for digital health calls 

___________


Health Care Providers

POSITIVE

  • Many more HCPs

  • Clinical positive opinion and approval

  • Polite attitudes

  • Good communication skills

NEGATIVE

  • Clinician resistance (eg, less positive views on digital health)

  • Undermined clinical capacity and professional identity

  • Increased clinical workload

  • Impeded communication with patients

  • Over-treatment

___________


Health Information Systems

POSITIVE

  • The compatibility, interoperability, integration, sustainability, and completeness of systems

  • The clarity and transparency on accountability, workflow, and data processing

  • Clear information on required stakeholder responsibility

NEGATIVE

  • Lack of compatibility and interoperability of the system with different mobile operating systems and terminals

  • Poor integration and working relationship between the service team

  • Lack of adequate installation

  • Connectivity issues between medical devices and mobile terminals

    Limitation on scalability